See gan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "y gan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gan"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "owl",
"3": "cant"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*gant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *gant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kanta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kanta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱm̥-ti-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥-ti-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gant"
},
"expansion": "Breton gant",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "against; downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Fossilized soft mutation form of can, from Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Brythonic *gant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥-ti-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Cognate with Breton gant and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gennyf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genhyf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gennym",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genhym",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gennyn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genhyn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gennyt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genhyt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gennwch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "genhwch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ganthaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gantaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"id": "en-gan-wlm-prep-BpW1Y6ze",
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by"
],
"id": "en-gan-wlm-prep-p-LSbo0V",
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡan/"
}
],
"word": "gan"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "can",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gan",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "can / chan",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chan",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "can"
}
],
"glosses": [
"soft mutation of can"
],
"id": "en-gan-wlm-num-XB9Ruhqp",
"links": [
[
"can",
"can#Middle_Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡan/"
}
],
"word": "gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh mutated numerals",
"Middle Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Middle Welsh prepositions",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 36 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "y gan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gan"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "owl",
"3": "cant"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*gant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *gant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kanta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kanta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱm̥-ti-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥-ti-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gant"
},
"expansion": "Breton gant",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κατά",
"3": "",
"4": "against; downwards"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Fossilized soft mutation form of can, from Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Brythonic *gant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥-ti-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Cognate with Breton gant and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gennyf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genhyf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gennym",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genhym",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gennyn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genhyn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gennyt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genhyt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gennwch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "genhwch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ganthaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gantaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"by"
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡan/"
}
],
"word": "gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh mutated numerals",
"Middle Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Pages with 36 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "can",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gan",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "can / chan",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chan",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "can"
}
],
"glosses": [
"soft mutation of can"
],
"links": [
[
"can",
"can#Middle_Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡan/"
}
],
"word": "gan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gan meaning in Middle Welsh (4.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers soft mutation",
"path": [
"gan"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "gan",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"gan"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "gan",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 20"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"gan"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "gan",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 20"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"gan"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "gan",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: gan/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"gan"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "numeral",
"title": "gan",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: gan/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"gan"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "numeral",
"title": "gan",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: gan/Middle Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"gan"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "numeral",
"title": "gan",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1896",
"msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 1 couldn't split inflection templates, gan/Middle Welsh section mutation",
"path": [
"gan"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "numeral",
"title": "gan",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.